瀆職犯罪因果關系的判斷方法*
姜 濤
（南京師范大學 法學院，江蘇南京210023）
摘 要：瀆職犯罪上的“重大損失”等不法結果，并不屬于客觀處罰條件，瀆職犯罪認定無以客觀歸責論替代因果關系理論的必要。瀆職犯罪的不法行為與不法結果之間往往是“多因一果”，主要原因力說可以解決瀆職犯罪因果關系判斷的難題，如果實行行為本身缺乏誘發(fā)介入行為的危險性，第三人或被害人的介入因素對嚴重損害等結果的發(fā)生具有決定性，且第三人或被害人的介入行為屬于不具有預見的可能性的情況，則就不能以行為人制造現(xiàn)實的危險而認定不法行為與不法結果之間具有因果關系。主、次作用的判斷是一個與職務相關的范疇，可以用職務相關性理論、客觀的預見可能性與合法的替代理論予以解答，不可以把職務無法涵攝、客觀上不具有預見可能性、可以合法替代的行為所帶來的結果解釋為原因。
關鍵詞：瀆職犯罪；因果關系；主要原因說；客觀歸責論；合法的替代理論
The Judgment Method of Causal Relationship of Malfeasance Crime
JIANG Tao(School of Law，Nanjing Normal University，Nanjing 210023，China)
Abstract: The illegal results such as "heavy loss" of malfeasance crime do not belong to the objective punishment conditions, so it is not necessary to replace the causality theory with the objective imputation theory in the determination of malfeasance crime. The relationship between the illegal act and the illegal result of dereliction of duty is often "multiple causes and one result", the main cause force theory can solve the problem of causality judgment of dereliction of malfeasance crime, if the act itself lacks the risk of inducing intervention, the intervention factors of the third party or the victim are decisive to the occurrence of serious damage and other results, and the intervention of the third party or the victim is not foreseeable, then the causal relationship between the illegal act and the illegal result can not be determined by the fact that the actor creates real danger. The judgment of the main and secondary functions is a category related to the job. It can be solved by the theory of job relevance, objective foreseeing possibility and legal substitution theory，We can't explain the result of the behavior that the duty can't contain, objectively has no foreseeing possibility and can be replaced legally as the reason.
Key words: crime of dereliction of duty; causality; the main reasons are as follows; objective imputation theory; legal substitution theory
