王樹(shù)義 龔雄艷
（武漢大學(xué)法學(xué)院，湖北 武漢430072）
摘 要:民法典第1232條之規(guī)定正式在環(huán)境侵權(quán)領(lǐng)域引入懲罰性賠償。與民事范疇的其他懲罰性賠償一樣，環(huán)境侵權(quán)懲罰性賠本質(zhì)上為私人執(zhí)法，應(yīng)歸屬被侵權(quán)人所有，在現(xiàn)有規(guī)范下尚不涉及作為公共款項(xiàng)專(zhuān)款專(zhuān)用的問(wèn)題。環(huán)境侵權(quán)懲罰性賠償與公益訴訟中的生態(tài)環(huán)境損害賠償具有不同質(zhì)性，私益侵權(quán)的懲罰性賠償不能替代生態(tài)環(huán)境修復(fù)責(zé)任或修復(fù)費(fèi)用等賠償責(zé)任，私益訴訟中懲罰性賠償可以與公益訴訟中的修復(fù)責(zé)任等并處。迄今為止，我國(guó)并沒(méi)有在公益訴訟中規(guī)定懲罰性賠償，但實(shí)踐中有法院在公益訴訟案件中判決了懲罰性賠償。從法理上講，在環(huán)境民事公益訴訟中判決懲罰性賠償缺乏依據(jù)，且會(huì)造成重復(fù)性懲罰，懲罰性賠償尚不適宜納入環(huán)境民事公益訴訟之中。
關(guān)鍵詞:環(huán)境侵權(quán)；懲罰性賠償；生態(tài)環(huán)境損害；修復(fù)責(zé)任；公益訴訟
Research on the Issue of Punitive Damages
for Environmental Tort
WANG Shu-yi GONG Xiong-yan
（School of Law，Wuhan University，Wuhan 430072，China）
Abstract: Article 1232 of the Civil Code formally introduces punitive damages in the field of environmental tort. Like other punitive damages in the civil category, punitive damages for Environmental Torts are essentially private law enforcement, and should belong to the infringed. Punitive compensation for environmental tort is different from compensation for ecological environmental damage in Public Interest Litigation. Punitive compensation for infringement of private interest can not replace compensation for environmental repair responsibility or repair cost, the punitive damages in private interest litigation can be combined with the repair responsibility in public interest litigation. Up to now, China has not stipulated punitive damages in Public Interest Litigation, but in practice, some courts have decided punitive damages in public interest litigation cases. Legally speaking, there is no basis to award punitive damages in Environmental Public Interest Litigation, and it will cause repeated punishment. Punitive damages should not be included in environmental public interest litigation.
