汪 洋*
摘 要：宅基地使用權(quán)能否繼承的問題根源在于其作為生存保障工具的價(jià)值預(yù)設(shè)應(yīng)否維持。在“征地制度”“集體經(jīng)營(yíng)性建設(shè)用地入市制度”“宅基地三權(quán)分置”的“三塊地”改革背景下，宅基地成為集體建設(shè)用地范疇下的一種子類型，符合條件時(shí)可以與其他類型的集體建設(shè)用地相互轉(zhuǎn)化，實(shí)現(xiàn)宅基地與其他類型集體建設(shè)用地的功能分工。因而宅基地使用權(quán)繼承問題需要在集體建設(shè)用地這一更大的類型框架下進(jìn)行制度重構(gòu)。適格保有宅基地使用權(quán)的繼承人有權(quán)單獨(dú)繼承宅基地使用權(quán)，反之則由集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織收回。若宅基地上建有房屋，房地一體導(dǎo)致房屋的可繼承性與宅基地使用權(quán)能否繼承的不明確性之間產(chǎn)生沖突。繼承人不適格保有宅基地使用權(quán)時(shí)，土地性質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化為有償且有期限的集體經(jīng)營(yíng)性建設(shè)用地使用權(quán)，繼承人需要補(bǔ)繳出讓金；繼承人也可以選擇將房屋有償轉(zhuǎn)讓給適格獲得宅基地的本集體成員或者將宅基地使用權(quán)退回集體經(jīng)濟(jì)組織，由集體贖買房屋或進(jìn)行價(jià)值補(bǔ)償。不應(yīng)對(duì)宅基地使用權(quán)繼承和遺贈(zèng)進(jìn)行區(qū)分對(duì)待，宅基地使用權(quán)共同繼承中，依據(jù)繼承人身份、與被繼承人分戶居住或同戶居住等情形區(qū)分處理。
關(guān)鍵詞：宅基地使用權(quán) 集體建設(shè)用地繼承 三權(quán)分置 三塊地改革
The Reconstruction of Inheritance of Right to Use Homestead Land Under the Background of “Three Pieces of Land” Reform
Abstract: It depends on the persistence of value presetting of life security whether the right to use homestead land can be inherited. Under the background of “three pieces of land” reform which means “l(fā)and expropriation”, “market circulation of collective construction land for commercial purpose” and “separation of three rights”, the homestead land is the sub-type of the collective construction land that can be transformed into other types of collective construction land when requirements are met. It can realize the goal of functional division of homestead land and other types of collective construction land. Therefore it should be reconstructed in terms of the inheritance question under the whole collective construction land framework. The successor who is entitled to the right to use homestead can inherit the right, otherwise the collective economic organization shall recover the homestead land. When the house is built on the homestead land, conflict will arise between the inheritance of the house and ambiguity concerning the inheritance of the right to use homestead land. If the successor isn’t qualified to acquire the right to use homestead land, the land then will be transformed into the the collective construction land for commercial purpose which is onerous and time limited. And the successor has the alternative either to pay transfer fee or to transfer it to the collective member who is entitled to the right, to return the homestead land to the collective economic organization that will buy the house or provide value compensation. There is no difference between the inheritance and bequest of the right to use homestead land. In the case of joint succession, the problem should be solved according to the identity of the successor, the situation of successor’s living with the ancestor together or not.
Key Words: right to use homestead land; collective construction land; inheritance; separation of three rights; three pieces of land reform
