任重
摘要：《民法典》與《民事訴訟法》的簡單相加不能自動帶來《民法典》的正確實施。實施好《民法典》必然要求以民事訴訟目的作為體系連接點，實現(xiàn)實體/程序的系統(tǒng)整合。目的論在我國開創(chuàng)了民事訴訟基礎(chǔ)理論研究的先河，是改革開放在民事訴訟法學(xué)研究中的具體成果。受比較法認識和實體法規(guī)模的雙重時代局限，權(quán)利保護說（私權(quán)保護說）在我國并未獲得足夠重視。以民法典對訴訟實施的約束力為標準，“權(quán)利保護說→私法秩序維持說→糾紛解決說→程序保障說”呈遞減趨勢。以《德國民法典》的訴訟實施為參照，權(quán)利保護說和私法秩序維持說有相同的初衷，二者的區(qū)別更多體現(xiàn)在理念而非具體實現(xiàn)方法上。解決糾紛和程序保障是權(quán)利保護說的題中之義。由于忽視權(quán)利保護說的基石作用，囿于自身概念的模糊性，糾紛解決說在我國存在偏離《民法典》的重大風(fēng)險，催生出任意超越和輕易否定實體權(quán)利的傾向，甚至將實體法律適用和民事糾紛解決對立起來。實施好《民法典》必然要求回歸民事訴訟的起點，重塑以權(quán)利保護說為內(nèi)核的民事訴訟目的論，將民事實體權(quán)利能否順利認定和實現(xiàn)作為民事訴訟法典化和民事司法科學(xué)化的重要衡量標準。
關(guān)鍵詞：民法典；民事訴訟目的；法典化；訴權(quán)；權(quán)利保護說；糾紛一次性解決
The implementation of civil code and the remolding of civil litigation purpose
Abstract：The simple addition of the civil code and the civil procedure law can not automatically bring about the correct implementation of the civil code.To implement the civil code well, it is necessary to take the purpose of civil litigation as the system connection point to realize the system integration of entity and procedure.The doctrine of purpose has pioneered the study of the basic theory of civil litigation in China and is a concrete result of reform and opening up in the study of civil litigation jurisprudence.Due to the limitations of both the comparative law understanding and the size of the substantive law, the rights protection theory (private rights protection theory) has not received sufficient attention in our country.Taking the binding force of civil code on the implementation of litigation as the standard, "the theory of right protection → the theory of private law order maintenance → the theory of dispute resolution → the theory of procedural guarantee" shows a decreasing trend.Taking the implementation of the German Civil Code as a reference, the protection of rights theory and the maintenance of private law and order share the same original intention, the difference between the two being more in the concept than in the specific method of implementation.Dispute resolution and procedural guarantee are the essence of the theory of right protection.By ignoring the cornerstone role of the rights protection doctrine and being caught in its own conceptual ambiguity, the dispute resolution doctrine in China runs a significant risk of deviating from the Civil Code, giving rise to a tendency to arbitrarily override and easily deny substantive rights, and even pitting the application of substantive law against civil dispute resolution.To implement the civil code well, it is necessary to return to the starting point of civil litigation, reshape the teleology of civil litigation with the theory of right protection as the core, and regard the smooth identification and Realization of civil substantive rights as an important standard to measure the codification of civil litigation and the scientization of Civil Justice.
Key words：The Civil Code；Purpose of civil proceedings；Canonisation；Right of appeal；Theory of rights protection；One-off dispute resolution
